What to know about depression

Many silently fight depression, often described as a numbing struggle affecting millions worldwide. While it might feel isolating, it is noteworthy to recognize that depression discriminates against no one. Depression is a complex and pervasive mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and an unsavory feeling toward life. If you or someone you know is battling depression, there is no shame in finding resources to help. There are multiple factors in depression causation, including hereditary, psychological and environmental factors. Anyone can be susceptible to mental health disorders; however, there are options for anyone to mitigate them.

Depression is often referred to as a “chemical imbalance” in one’s brain; this is a gross oversimplification. This chemical imbalance ideology refers to the imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain. Think of neurotransmitters as the trucks that transport signals within the nervous system, allowing communication between nerve cells (neurons) and facilitating the transmission of information throughout the body. These molecules are responsible for relaying signals between neurons, which are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system. Someone with depression may not have a regulated amount of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These neurotransmitters are also known as “happy drugs” and regulate mood, emotions, and various physiological processes. Neurotransmitter imbalances are just one piece of the puzzle. Other factors include brain structure and function changes, genetics, hormonal changes, inflammation, and stress.

Additionally, not everyone with depression exhibits the same neurotransmitter imbalances. It's a complex interplay of factors unique to each individual. This is why treatment approaches can vary widely and may include a combination of psychotherapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and social support. There is no exact formula to treat depression because a balanced lifestyle looks different and is achieved differently for everyone.

Therapy, particularly a type called psychotherapy or talk therapy, has been scientifically shown to be effective in treating depression. One example of how it works is Cognitive Restructuring which focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns associated with depression. These thought patterns contribute to distorted perceptions and self-defeating behaviors. Through therapy, individuals learn to reframe their thoughts more realistically and positively, which can lead to improved mood and behavior. Therapy can induce positive changes in brain structure and function, causing Neuroplasticity. Repeated engagement in therapy-related activities, like practicing new coping strategies or challenging negative beliefs, can lead to neuroplastic changes. This means the brain can adapt and rewire itself, potentially creating more positive thought patterns and emotional responses (this can also correct neurotransmitter, emotional and hormonal regulation). The strong support from therapy is the supportive and nonjudgmental environment where individuals can openly discuss their feelings and experiences. This social support is crucial for combating feelings of isolation and loneliness, common in depression.

Research consistently demonstrates the effectiveness of psychotherapy for depression. Different therapeutic approaches may work better for different individuals, and therapy can be used alone or in combination with other treatments, like medication. Working with a qualified mental health professional to determine the most suitable therapeutic approach based on individual needs and preferences is essential.